Substance Abuse And The External Factors Affecting Teenage...

In a world filled with violence and traumatic events, young adults are the most vulnerable to them. We see a trend in students hanging out with the wrong crowd digging a deeper hole for themselves; getting involved with drugs, alcohol, and eventually becoming dependent and addicted to them. In discussions of substance abuse and the external factors affecting teenage youth, I believe that parents, society, age, and peers are main factors that contribute to a teenagers drug addiction. Every generation had to eventually deal with the struggle and the hard hit of reality. Have you heard your grandfather constantly nagging about how easy we have it at our age compared to himself? Indeed, each generation is completely different and more evolved than the one before. The one thing to remember is that regardless of what we go through, there is a similarity to how the problem started and how to react to it. The social environment during high school can be confusing. At the start of puberty, the search for identity begins. Youth around this age follow the crowd and give into peer pressure. This is the time where you can be part of the it crowd, or refrain from it. Interestingly enough, friendships form by similar interests, in particular, drugs and alcohol. An excuse to rebel is exciting and deviant for teens. As this trend becomes more prominent, there are more substance abusers getting involved at a younger age. Between 13-17 years old, they come up with reasons as to whyShow MoreRelatedMotherhood Is Cross Culturally Regarded As Vitally Important?2558 Words   |  11 Pageswoman s primary â€Å"mission, profession, and an inseparable part of her nature,† (Leskosek 2011). In contemporary society, however, negative social and biological consequences are associated with young maternity in developed areas (Kramer et al. 2010). Teenage pregnancy is defined as encompassing all pregn ancies between the ages of 10 and 19, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) (Males 1992). According to a 2010 study, teen motherhood is â€Å"discouraged, debated as a public health issue and consideredRead MoreThe Necessity of Health Education Essay2268 Words   |  10 Pagesever before. Health education is the best vehicle to inform students of the dangers and consequences that are associated with these substances. Health education also allows students to become aware of the changes that will affect their minds and bodies as they continue to mature. Alcohol is, unfortunately, one of the most easily obtainable and most dangerous substances on the market. 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It is called by the name of adolescence. If the tide can be taken as flood, and a new voyage began in the stream and along the flow of its current, we think it ill move on to fortune. 1 2 3 4 Adolescence: A periodRead MoreDefinition of Adolescent Development14200 Words   |  57 Pagesgroup. Dorothy Rogers: Adolescence is a process rather than a period, a process of achieving the attitudes and beliefs needed for effective participation in society. The Hadow Report in England: There is a tide which begins to rise in the veins of youth at the age of eleven or twelve. It is called by the name of adolescence. If the tide can be taken as flood, and a new voyage began in the stream and along the flow of its current, we think it ill move on to fortune. 1 2 3 4 Adolescence:Read MoreUnderstanding Child And Young Person Development Essay9603 Words   |  39 PagesYoung Person Development The sequence and rate of each aspect of development. 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Connection Between Social Problems And Urbanization

The sociospatial perspective (SSP) provided a different approach in viewing this connection between social problems and urbanization. Because real estates investment involved different interests and development, SSP believed it plays a contributing factor in the urban development. The pulling factor of people s involvement in the second circuit of capital, real estate (Gottdiener and Hutchison, 2011) is strong because it is profitable. This activity is composed of both participants that are interested in acquiring wealth from real estate and a structure. Because it enables anyone to invest money in real estate for profit, it covers all usages and purposes for that investment. Looking back to the case in Hong Kong, lots of household investments were made by Mainlanders to either treat it as an additional source of income, or as a way to spend money that accumulated in an illegal way and cover their tracks, or a way to show off their wealth. According to Centaline Agency, luxurious h omes bound by Mainlanders accounted for 25.4% of home sold in 2014 (Sito, 2015). And often the fancy properties transactions went through companies incorporated overseas, sometimes even the directors of the company are unknown, making it very suspicious, but due to the large transactions, agents won t ask further questions (Sito, 2015). SSP also suggested that negotiations and contending interests lead to metropolitan growth. Negotiations between different forces and groups in aShow MoreRelatedRapid Urbanization And Violent Conflicts1282 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction There are numerous social, economic, cultural, and political issues that accompany rapid urbanization. Concerns about rapid urbanization and violent conflicts have long been uttered in different respects: mainly this concern have related to the capacity of social orders to adjust to such development, and the likelihood that it may increase urban violence and insecurity. 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The Sorrows Of Human Connection.1655 Words   |  7 PagesCerjay Lugtu Disccussion 1E The Sorrows of Human Connection Although they have different origins, Separate Ways and Sealed Off both highlight the prominent role of human relationships during change and chaos. Separate Ways was written by Higuchi Ichiyo during the Meiji period of Japan while Sealed Off was written by Zhang Ailing in China during World War II. During this time both Japan and China experienced a change in their societies that would later be reflected in both stories. Despite the failure

Achievements of Turnbull Government of Australia-Free-Samples

Question: Critically analyze and examine three main achievements of Turnbull government of Australia. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze and examine three main achievements of Turnbull government of Australia. Citizens of any government elect a government with high hopes that the government will deliver the majority of ideas in campaign manifesto. This is the main reason why citizens come out in large numbers to vote in a government. The Turnbull Government is a federal executive government of Australia (Arnold, 2010). This government is headed by the 29th Prime minister of Australia called Malcolm Turnbull. This government is formed by other stakeholders of the liberal-national coalition. The government of Turnbull was initiated on 15th September 2015 when Malcolm Turnbull, Australian prime minister was sworn in by the Governor-General of Australia. This government was formed after the Abbott Government terminated the leadership tenure. The coming into power of Malcolm Turnbull was not a simple task since there was a lot of competition by the incumbent liberal leader , Tony Abbott. After Malcolm Turnbull ascended to office in 2015, he appointed a team of leaders who would assist him in implementing the ideas in their manifesto (Arnold, 2010). Some of the members appointed include Scott Morrison and Julie Bishop who have been serving as a treasurer and as a minister of foreign affairs respectively. Achievements of Turnbull Government Since the formation of Malcolm Turnbull Government of Australia on 15th September 2015, Malcolm Turnbull has been appointing a team of leaders from all corners of Australia to provide their ideologies towards implementation of development goals, economic growth, and development of infrastructure along with other aspects laid down in their campaign manifesto. In that connection, his government has achieved so many goals, objectives and targets for the last three years he has been into Australian federal government (Dann Dann, 2004). The main three achievements of his government since 2015 to date are a remarkable and robust record in employment provision growth, cutting tax for small and medium enterprises and innovation and science agenda. In this paper, we will consider these achievements in details to demonstrate the work done by Malcolm Turnbull government of Australia as well as to express how these achievement interconnects and integrate with others minor achievements. Strong and Remarkable Record in Employment Provision Growth This is one of the major achievements attained by Malcolm Turnbull government of Australia since it was initiated in 2015. The problem of unemployment is one of the major concern that affects developed and developing countries all over the globe. The rate of unemployment in Australia has been one of the major drawbacks that limit the nation to achieve goals, targets, and objectives and personal level as well as at national level. In that connection, Malcolm Turnbull made sure that creation of employment to Australia community to be one of the significant aspects to be addressed by his government. Despite high population growth rate in Australia, his government has managed to create more than 403,000 employment opportunities in 2018. The rate of employment creation in Australia is estimated to be 1,000 new jobs per day since Malcolm Turnbull government of Australia was established in 2015. This is a significant rate of jobs creation that the world record has recognized as the highest rate in the record by 2018. The figure of 403,100 new jobs in Australia is an updated record released as at January 2018. The Turnbull Government rate of job creation has an upward trend since the number of jobs created in 2015 is estimated to be 301,000 jobs. This information was revealed by Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull in a local radio station called Radio 3AW in January. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Labour Force, the survey conducted between 2015 and 2016 indicated that Turnbull Government managed to create more than 312,100 new jobs in 2016 as compared to 301,000 new jobs in 2015 (Dann Dann, 2007). This demonstrates a forward trend in reducing the rate of unemployment in Australia through remarkable efforts of Turnbull Government (Eric, 2012). The rate of job creation is directly proportional to the effort initiated by Turnbull Government since the Australian employment to population ratio has been trending forward since 2015 which is a clear indicator that his government is in the process of creating more jobs. In that connection, his government has ensured that the population ratio is directly proportional to participation rate which has been recorded as an upward trend since 2015. Turnbull Government is led by a team of highly skilled ministers who have played different roles to initiate programs in formal and informal sectors thereby creating many employment opportunities. In an interview with Radio 3AW, Turnbull used the word we do demonstrate how his government is fully armed to generate more job opportunities (Hausman, 2007). He was giving credit to his ministers for their continuous support in different programs initiated by his government. Turnbull declared that the reason behind high job creation in Australia is as a result of the implementation of policies by his ministers and other government officials which he asserted that jobs and growth are a reality as employment surges. Again, he claimed that credit for another surge in the population of Australians searching for jobs is attributed to increases in labour markets that managed to reorganize job markets in 2017. In January 2017, 383,300 new jobs were created by his government (Henry, 2008). In that connection, his government has ensured the creation of at least 1,000 jobs per day. Therefore, by the end of November 2017, 61,600 new jobs were created. The high rate of job creation in Australia is associated with a diversity of different job opportunities. The government has initiated policies that are driven towards job creation. Some of the policies include the provision of incentives, good working conditions, empowerment of formal and informal sectors thereby cutting across the whole population in Australia. Turnbull Government has to fulfill the campaign slogan of job creation. In an interview in Sydney Australia, Turnbull said these words regarding jobs and growth. At the last election, you will all remember, we campaigned on jobs and growth. (Hunt, 2013). Later after he took office, he said these words to ascertain his campaign slogan. Well, it was a slogan then, but it is an outcome now. Our policies are restoring confidence to business and business is responding by investing, creating more jobs and hiring more workers. In summary, job creation has remained one of the major achievements of Turnbull Government. Cutting Tax for Small and Medium Enterprises The process of taxation is another area that citizens of a given country express concerns due to limiting factors that may affect personal economic growth. However, Turnbull Government is delivering quality services to its citizen as set in their plan for economic growth and development thereby creating a more secure Australia with the stronger economy (Kotler, 2011). To achieve these plans, Turnbull Government has reduced taxes imposed on small and medium enterprises to empower them in upward economic growth and business prosperity. For many years, small and medium enterprises have faced unfavorable competition from large enterprises. Many small and medium sectors have collapsed in Australia especially in major cities such as Sydney and Melbourne due to hostile competition y large-scale business and harsh taxation system. However, after Turnbull Government took office in 2015, there have been a lot of positive changes in a taxation system that is fully geared towards empowering small and medium enterprises. His government is providing an incentive to these enterprises as well as removal of restrictive trading barriers for small and medium enterprises. By cutting taxes for small and medium enterprises, Turnbull Government enabled more than 3.2 million businesses thereby employing more than 6.7 million Australian (Karskens, 2011). Turnbull and his team of ministers have initiated this program thereby achieving two economic goals at once. That is, cutting of taxes for small and medium enterprises has enabled his government to create more jobs by default. According to Treasurer Scott Morrison, the Australian government would decline in global competitiveness if the 2016-2017 federal budget incorporates tax rate cut for companies. In that connection, companies are large enterprises whole net worth cannot be the compared to small and medium enterprises. Corporation tax for large companies should the not be reduced, but it is essential to reduce taxes for small and medium enterprises. Through this idea, Turnbull Government has retained the corporation tax for large businesses but have reduced taxes for the small and medium enterprise to empower them economically (Krugman et al., 2012). Treasurer Scott Morrison said in an interview with local economists, Boost new investment, create and support jobs and increase real wages, starting with tax cuts for small and medium-sized enterprises that will permanently increase the size of the economy by just over 1% in the long run. In that case, the Turnbull Government has managed to achieve this pl an. Innovation and Science Agenda The world is becoming a modern platform where innovation and science are part of development policies. In this agenda, Turnbull government is fully equipped in implementing policies that support innovation and science. Since 2015, Australia has achieved several plans in innovation and science. The government has managed to establish over 3,000 new investments through innovation and science agenda (Richard, 2013). This progress has resulted to the creation of over 300 every stage innovation companies that have created many job opportunities to Australians. According to the National Innovation and Science Agenda of Australia, technological advancements have transformed many lives of Australian in many ways such as communication and access for services. The Turnbull Government has used this platform to bring changes that are critical to the Australian population. This has enabled the government to deliver new sources of growth as well as to maintain high paying jobs to the workers (Ryan Deci, 2017). This has brought great contributions to economic prosperity. The Turnbull Government has incorporated innovation technology to every sector of the economy. Some of the sectors empowered by this innovation include ICT, education, transport, defense, agriculture and healthcare (Turnbull, 2013). All these sectors have been empowered through technological innovation thereby providing quality of products and services in Australia. This agenda has created many employment opportunities in the formal and informal sectors. Again, his government provided subsidies to innovative investors so as to encourage them to come up with ideas that would enable Australia to achieve a high competitive advantage in international level. The Turnbull government managed to set innovation, science and research facilities in every major city such as Sydney and Melbourne (Turnbull, 2014). Again, this program has been used by his government to train many entrepreneurs who are in a position to work for a variety of services and products to bring advantages to the Australian community. Some of the empowered stakeholders in innovation and science include farmers in Australia who are currently using sensor technology to increase production as well as bringing innovative products into the market. Again, through this achievement, Turnbull Government has ensure that Australia remain competitive in international level so as to keep the country at cutting edge. This process has created more jobs opportunities to a significant portion of the Australian population. It has also contributed in upgrading the living standards of the Australian population. The main factors behind the success of the National Innovation and Science Agenda of Australia are based on a program initiated by Turnbull Government in 2017 (Crabb, 2016). These factors focus on four main pillars. That is, talent and skills, collaboration, culture and capital along with government as an exemplar. Turnbull Government has applied these pillar to provide a clear framework for Australian innovation policy. Since 2015, the value of innovation and science technology has attained a net worth of $1.1 billion. Up to date, the Turnbull Government has driven major ideas that have created global success, local jobs and business growth. Conclusion In summary, the Turnbull Government has attained many achievements since 2015. In that connection, the country has managed to achieve many positive changes in development agendas and in empowering the population. The three significant accomplishment of his government has been achieved through collaborative measures between Turnbull and his team of ministers (Manning, 2015). They have all worked towards attaining these interrelated achievements thereby creating a good network that has enabled his government to continue fulfilling policies, agendas, slogans and manifesto to the Australian population. References Arnold, J. (2010). Coaching Skills for Leaders in the Workplace: How to Develop, Motivate and Get the Best from Your Staff. How to Books. Crabb, A. (2016). Stop at Nothing: The Life and Adventures of Malcolm Turnbull. Black Inc. Dann, S., Dann, S. (2004).Strategic Internet marketing. Brisbane: John Wiley Sons. Dann, S., Dann, S. (2007).Competitive marketing strategy. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education. Eric, H.S. (2012). "Marketing strategy: From the origin of the concept to the development of a conceptual framework,"Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 4(1), 30-55. Hausman, D. M. (2007). The philosophy of economics: An anthology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Henry, A. (2008). Understanding Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Hunt, D. (2013). Girt: The Unauthorized History of Australia. Black Inc. Karskens, G. (2011). The Colony: A History of Early Sydney. Allen Unwin. Kotler, P. (2011). Framework for Marketing Management. Pearson. Krugman, P. R., Obstfeld, M., Melitz, M. J. (2012). International Economics: Theory policy. Harlow: Pearson Education. Manning, P. (2015). Born to Rule. Melbourne University Press. Richard, A. (2013). Job Satisfaction from Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Perspective. Grin publishing. Ryan, R.M., Deci, EL. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Need in Motivation, development, and Wellness. The Guilford Press. Turnbull, M. (2013). Spycatcher Trial. Mandarin. Turnbull, M. (2014). The Reluctant Republic. William Heinemann Lt

Perks of Being a Wallflower Making Connections free essay sample

The quote â€Å"we accept the love we think we deserve. †(pg 24) Really made me think, it not only describes issues in the world, but also I can relate to it in my life. Sometimes I wonder why great people let themselves get treated so badly. It’s something that bothers me to a great extent. Why can’t we make them know they deserve more? So many people around the world believe it is okay to be abused by their spouses, friends, and partners, simply because they â€Å"set them off† or â€Å"deserved it†, like Charlie’s sister believed when she was slapped across the face by her boyfriend, even saying â€Å"but I love him!. (25) to her parents when they found out. I can relate to this personally, not by being in love with a boy, and hurt physically, but having love for friends, in a sister kind of way and being abused mentally and verbally. We will write a custom essay sample on Perks of Being a Wallflower Making Connections or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I don’t like the fact that I thought it was okay, to be put down or talked about behind my back. I often thought that’s just what girl’s do, right? I have let it happen constantly throughout my life, but always went back, I guess it’s a cycle that never broke for me. Not even realizing that it is similar to people going back to their abuser. I always looked down on people who went back, but in some ways I’m just as bad as an offender as the next person. Charlie’s sister seemed to be stuck in the chain of abuse, as she went back to the person who abused her, even giving him her virginity, only days after being hit, and sneaking around to see him even after her parents forbid her from seeing him. I guess in some ways a lot of people think it okay to accept bad love, because it’s still love right? Or even bad attention like being called a whore and slut on facebook or twitter, and making yourself believe that it’s a good thing, because at least someone noticed you, right? I guess in the end we all need to understand the difference between good and bad love, and not getting stuck in the cycle of abuse whether it’s from friends, family or partners and the knowing that the key to this issue is not to accept the negative love that we think we deserve, but the positive love we actually deserve.

Codi & Hallie Noline essays

Codi & Hallie Noline essays Comparing In the novel Animal Dreams by Barbara Kingsolver, the characters Codi and Hallie Noline reveal many diverse personality traits. Codi and Hallie are sisters who were born and raised in Grace Arizona by their aloof father Doc Homer. Although Codi and Hallie shared the same upbringing, when compared they have minimal similarities, while their differences seem abundant. Even though Codi and Hallie were sisters the similarities between the two appear to be absent. Because of Doc Homers lack of good parenting, and the event of the girls losing their mother at a young age, they did not have any female or parental influences in their lives. For this reason, the girls became dependent on one another. Codi and Hallie shared the same childhood memories and the same social status. Grace formed its opinions of Hallie and [Codi] before [they] grew permanent teeth(p.13). In high school, they were known as the ________ sisters(p.?) because they were both very tall. Aside from Codi and Hallies few similarities of being physically alike, they have numerous differences. They seem to be two halves of a single person, as their names suggest. Halimeda, which means thinking of the sea... and... Cosima, [which] means...order in the cosmos(p.13). With symbolism in mind, this can be directly related to sky and water, or the moon and the tides. When Hallie goes to Nicaragua to save the crops, Codi is jealous because she knew that Hallie was happy doing it. Codi is so obsessed with what Hallie is doing, that she can never be happy with herself. This is what is holding Codi back in life. Hallie helps others out of goodness while Codi did try to go into medicine, which is considered a helping profession, but [she] did it for the lowest of motives(p.36). This demonstrates how Hallie has a soft heart, and Codi d...

Hormones essays

Hormones essays Endocrinology is the study of chemical communication systems that provide the means to control a huge number of physiologic processes. Like other communication networks, endocrine systems contain transmitters, signals and receivers that are called, respectively hormone producing cells, hormones and receptors. What exactly are hormones and how are they different from "non-hormones"? Hormones are chemical messengers secreted into blood or extracellular fluid by one cell that affect the functioning of other cells. Most hormones circulate in blood, coming into contact with essentially all cells. However, a given hormone usually affects only a limited number of cells, which are called target cells. A target cell responds to a hormone because it bears receptors for the hormone. In other words, a particular cell is a target cell for a hormone if it contains functional receptors for that hormone, and cells which do not have such a receptor cannot be influenced directly by that hormone. Reception of a radio broadcast provides a good analogy. Everyone within range of a transmitter for National Public Radio is exposed to that signal (even if they don't contribute!). However, in order to be a NPR target and thus influenced directly by their broadcasts, you have to have a receiver tuned to that frequency. Hormone receptors are found either exposed on the surface of the cell or within the cell, depending on the type of hormone. In very basic terms, binding of hormone to receptor triggers a cascade of reactions within the cell that affects function. Additional details about receptor structure and function are provided in the section on hormone mechanism of action. Endocrine action: the hormone is distributed in blood and binds to distant target cells. Paracrine action: the hormone acts locally by diffusing from its source to target cells in the neighborhood. Autocrine action: the hormone acts on the same ...

Governmental accounting and for profit financial accounting Essay

Governmental accounting and for profit financial accounting - Essay Example ards Advisory Board (FASAB).A Comprehensive Annual Financial Report is "compiled" by a state, municipal or other governmental accounting staff and "audited" by an external American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) certified accounting firm utilizing GASB requirements (Ruppel, 2009). It is composed of three sections: Introductory, Financial and Statistical. It combines the financial information of fund accounting and Enterprise Authorities accounting. A CAFR is a report of the complete overall financial results of both those "specific groupings" of government agencies that appear in the current fiscal year General Purpose Budget and all other agencies and departments (Peterson, 2002). These can be autonomous, enterprise (for example government or city owned golf courses), recycling, water, sewer, and financial management - often these agencies were created with the inception of that local, state or government (Wilson, 2010). The CAFR provides information about all of these other government agencies that may have their own budgets and separate investment accounts but their financial holdings are not combined with the general purpose budget that the same government presents to the public. The CAFR, or as it is called in CANADA CanFR can be used along with a budget document to compare the organizations total financial standing to the annual general purpose budget (Ruppel, 2009). The CAFR is the complete showing of the financial investment and income records from all sources, that reflects what has developed over decades whereas a budget report is an inferior document to the CAFR being that it is primarily focused on what revenue is expected to be brought in and spent for just the year. Government sources funds from taxation to support the cost of providing basic services while for-profit financial accounting it offers goods and services to generate revenue. Also government accounting is not related to expenses while for-profit expenditures are

An Analysis of WTO, European Union, China and the UK relations Essay

An Analysis of WTO, European Union, China and the UK relations - Essay Example In general, MFN means that every time a country lowers a trade barrier or opens up a market, it has to do so for the same goods or services from all its trading partners - whether rich or poor, weak or strong. National treatment: Treating foreigners and locals equally Imported and locally-produced goods should be treated equally - at least after the foreign goods have entered the market. The same should apply to foreign and domestic services, and to foreign and local trademarks, copyrights and patents. Freer Trade: Gradually through Negotiation Lowering trade barriers is one of the most obvious means of encouraging trade. The barriers concerned include customs duties (or tariffs) and measures such as import bans or quotas that restrict quantities selectively. From time to time other issues such as red tape and exchange rate policies have also been discussed. Opening markets can be beneficial, but it also requires adjustment. The WTO agreements allow countries to introduce changes gradually, through "progressive liberalization". Developing countries are usually given longer to fulfill their obligations. Predictability through Binding and Transparency Sometimes, promising not to raise a trade barrier can be as important as lowering one, because the promise gives businesses a clearer view of their future opportunities. With stability and predictability, investment is encouraged, jobs are created and consumers can fully enjoy the benefits of competition - choice and lower prices. The multilateral trading system is an attempt by governments to make the business environment stable and predictable. Promoting Fair Competition The WTO is sometimes described as a "free trade" institution, but that is not entirely accurate. The system does allow tariffs and, in...From time to time other issues such as red tape and exchange rate policies have also been discussed. Opening markets can be beneficial, but it also requires adjustment. The WTO agreements allow countries to introduce changes gradually, through â€Å"progressive liberalization†. Developing countries are usually given longer to fulfill their obligations. †¢ Predictability through Binding and Transparency Sometimes, promising not to raise a trade barrier can be as important as lowering one, because the promise gives businesses a clearer view of their future opportunities. With stability and predictability, investment is encouraged, jobs are created and consumers can fully enjoy the benefits of competition — choice and lower prices. The multilateral trading system is an attempt by governments to make the business environment stable and predictable. †¢ Promoting Fair Competition The WTO is sometimes described as a â€Å"free trade† institution, but that is not entirely accurate. The system does allow tariffs and, in limited circumstances, other forms of protection. More accurately, it is a system of rules dedicated to open, fair and undistorted competition.

Political Competence Essay Example for Free

Political Competence Essay In almost any affair that involves multiple stakeholders the idea of partnership and collaboration have essential roles. This is also applicable in building a strong society or country especially since it is composed of numerous people with varying needs that must be addressed. In relation to this the concepts of good corporate citizenship and political competence are vital in giving the necessary services to the people. Corporate citizenship pertains to â€Å"a new contract between business and society, a vision of partnership between different sections of community, which allies profitable companies with healthy communities because what happens to societies happens to business† (Benchmarks, n. d. ). On the other hand, political competence involves skills and attributes that make it possible for the achievement of organizational goals (Wells, n. d. ). Good corporate citizenship and political competence are related because these are interdependent upon each other. In order for good corporate citizenship to make successful partnerships it needs political competence that will make sure that the plans they made will be properly applied so that their objectives can be realized. Since the past up to the contemporary time, the government plays an important role in the organization, information dissemination, budgeting, and funding of a country’s healthcare system. The government is the primary body that is responsible in passing laws for the planning as well as the implementation of various concerns regarding the healthcare system of the country. This is greatly observable in countries like the United States of America, states in the European Union as well as in other parts of the world. However, this kind of system is not always as effective as it seem to be. There are still many people who lack the proper healthcare attention, which is always the reason that there are various sicknesses that most citizens suffer from. The main problem why such incompetence takes place is due to the lack of political will coming from the government and also the improper and sometimes illegal contracts that are happening among the public agencies and corporations. This could be seen in the common practice that is observable in the distribution of the needed medicine for most healthcare centers. Government funded organizations are responsible in commissioning private corporations in buying the needed medicinal paraphernalia. Nevertheless, anomalies often happen in this kind of dealings. Corrupt government officials would allot a huge amount of budget in order to buy medicinal necessities but this money is not consumed for this sole purpose. Some of it tends to fall in the pocket of officials who are only thinking of their vested interests. They would engage in illegal contracts with private corporations who would also gain benefit in the process (Messerli, 2008). This kind of issue is clearly an ethical dilemma that needs to be address immediately. A good solution for this problem is to create an objective, independent body that would see to it that the budget allotted for the healthcare of the citizens are use for the right purposes. This is one good way in order to do something to prevent this kind of anomaly from happening. The healthcare of citizens is a very important aspect of an individuals’ right, which is why it should be given due attentions and importance.

Tardive Dyskinesia and Schizophrenia :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Moving Ahead, Another Movement Disorder For many years schizophrenia was thought to be caused by bad parenting, the so-called "refrigerator mother" was to blame. Today there exists much more information on the disorder and the evidence points to the commonly accepted notion of a chemical imbalance in the brain. Unfortunately, many people still confuse schizophrenia with multiple personality disorder when, in fact, the two are separate. Schizophrenia however, deals more with people who simply don't have a firm grip on reality. In recent years researchers have made significant advances in the field and have come up with many neuroleptic (antipsychotic) medications to treat the disorder. However along with these medical breakthroughs problems have occurred. The most severe side effect is called Tardive Dyskinesia, literally meaning "late movement disorder." (1) Coined in 1964, it is identified by the involvement of numerous "abnormal, involuntary movements of the orofacial area or extremities." . (2) More specifically, it is characterized by rocking, twisting, jerking, toe tapping, lip smacking, blinking, and most commonly an unusual movement of the tongue. . (1) (2)(3). Interestingly enough, these side effects disappear during sleep. (3) Neuroleptic-induced Tardive Dyskinesia occurs in roughly fifteen to twenty percent of people taking neuroleptic drugs for several years, and often exceeds fifty percent when all patients treated with neuroleptic are considered. (1)(4) Tardive Dyskinesia develops in people of all ages and walks of life, but the elderly, especially men, and those who are mute, unable to reason and understand competently, and those who have lost their teeth are more likely to develop the disorder. (5) The cause of Tardive Dyskinesia has not been positively identified, but researchers do know that neuroleptic drugs change the way nerve impulses jump from the pre-synaptic neurons across a synapse to the post-synaptic neurons. (2). Such drugs prevent the neurotransmitter dopamine from reaching the brain, "directly impairing the function of the basal ganglia and the emotion-regulating limbic system and frontal lobes." (6) Drugs such as Haldol, Navane, Thorazine, Mellaril, Stelazine, Clozaril, and Resperisal are believed to cause Tardive Dyskinesia. (6) Resperidal however, seems to cause a less severe from of Tardive Dyskinesia. (6) Currently researchers are exploring the idea that calcium-channel blockers can treat those with neuroleptic-induced Tardive Dyskinesia. Unfortunately, not enough research has been carried out to date. (7). Recent studies have shown, though somewhat ambiguously, that GABA (gamma amino butyric acid, a usually inhibitory neurotransmitter) gives some improvement over the symptoms of Tardive Dyskinesia.

Effective Communication in Building Relationships Essay

Communicating effectively is the most important aspect of any relationship. In all venues the way we communicate can determine if that relationship will be successful, this is certainly true in an intimate relationship, but just as important in business relationships, friendships, and familial relationships. Relationships are defined by how we communicate, and how effective we are at getting our message out, but just as important is how well we listen. Healthy relationships require us to know a bit about ourselves, and be willing to share some of ourselves with others, building that trust element helps determine the intensity of a relationship. Understanding some of these components will help you on your way to developing and maintaining a good relationship. Having good communication skills can mean the difference between success and failure of a relationship. Most relationships that are successful are in an â€Å"equitable relationship† (Myers, 2010, pg. 429). Being aware of some of the barriers to effective communication can help you avoid the pitfalls of bad or ineffective communication. There are several communicating errors that can signal the end of a relationship, according to Hybels and Weaver (2007) some of those are, â€Å"aggressive talk, regrettable talk, criticism and complaints, avoidance, and defensive communication† (pg. 199). Having disagreements are a normal part of any relationship, it is how we resolve those conflicts that can mean the difference between a healthy relationship or one that is heading towards destruction. We tend to fall back on the destructive methods when we have no other tools in our toolbox. Aggressive talk is using language that demeans another; it is calling names, using disparaging words, wearing down the self esteem of the other person. This is so destructive to a relationship; it can at times lead to physical violence. But the most insidious form of communication is indirect aggression, or passive aggression. This is when we consciously commit an act that we know will hurt or upset another. We manipulate the situation to get our way, or get our â€Å"dig† into the other person. This way we do not have to  confront directly, it is very subtle, and can be the real killer of a relationship. It is a way to continue an argument without actually saying much at all. The Los Angeles Times (1997) reported on passive aggressive tendencies in relationships, and gave some advice on how to handle the situation, â€Å"first, realize that you may not be able to get your mate to change his or her behavior, but you can change yours† and â€Å"take control of the sit uation by setting limits, figure out what you can do† (pg. 3). Regrettable talk is saying something, and then wishing you could take it back. I think we are all guilty of this to some extent. We blurt out a remark without thinking, and immediately we regret it. Using regrettable talk can leave others with hurt feelings, and cause them to want to avoid us. I think in relationships it is easy to fall into this category, you know someone so well, and feel comfortable saying just about anything, so you let your guard down, and many times the things we say we wish we could take back. I have commented to my spouse that we talk nicer to our neighbors than we do to each other, and if we wish to continue in a relationship we must be aware of this, and make every effort to think before we speak. Criticism and complaints creep into a relationship when couples have no real tools for resolving an argument. In an article from Cosmopolitan, reporter Laura Gilbert (2007) interviews professionals about some of the consequences from constant complaints and criticism, â€Å"After a while, you stop talking with those sweet undertones,† says Edythe Denkin, PhD, author of Relationship Magic, â€Å"and sarcasm or negativity can become more common† 243 (5). There are different styles of attachment, â€Å"people with negative views of others exhibit either the dismissive or the fearful attachment style† (Myers, 2010, pg. 428). Dismissive is a relationship marked by distrust, and fearful attachment is a relationship marked by fear of rejection. Either types can lead to the end of a relationship. Avoidance and defensive communication are two types of negative methods used to get our point across. When we are unhappy we avoid any discussion, the silent treatment is what a lot of couples use to avoid any conflict. This is counterproductive, and will destroy the trust in a relationship. Many  couples mistakenly feel that arguing is the end of a relationship, but in truth it is when we begin avoiding each other that can signal a relationship is in trouble. David Code from the Christian Science Monitor (2009) writes, â€Å"Just because you seldom argue doesn’t mean your marriage is strong, the real silent killer of marriage is distancing yourself from your partner† (pg. 9). He goes on to discuss some possible solutions, and encourages couples to not worry so much about disagreeing, but focus on â€Å"your flight response†, If we can learn to spot the â€Å"distancing pattern in our relationships† we can help â€Å"prevent family problems and divorceà ¢â‚¬  (Code, 2009, pg. 9). Defensive communication occurs as we are trying to defend ourselves from a comment made by our partner. â€Å"Defending ourselves is dealing with a past behavior; it gives us no time to resolve the problem† (Hybels and Weaver, 2007, pg. 200). In a relationship each partner must get out of the relationship â€Å"proportional to what you each put into it† (Myers, 2010, pg. 428). The best way to fix a problem is to recognize and admit you have one in the first place. In Cosmopolitan, Jennifer Benjamin (2007) gives us some common communication pitfalls, and says â€Å"to avoid these, you first have to recognize them† (pg. 126). The article goes on to list five communication mistakes that we as couples tend to make. One mistake many couples make is leaving out important information. We give our partners some of the needed information, but assume that he or she knows me so well; they will know what I am talking about. So vital information is left out, this leads to mis communication, and hurt feelings. Another area that we have to be aware of is the time we pick to have a discussion. During Super Bowl, or when one is rushing off to work, is not the time to have a discussion. Mistake number three, prefacing our remark with doom and gloom statements such as, â€Å"do not take this the wrong way† or â€Å"do not get mad but† it begins the conversation with a sense of impending trouble, and gets our level of anger ratcheted up. Another common mistake is one many women are guilty of, talking the problem to death; we tend to not get to the point, and feel we have to give every single detail. The article says, â€Å"Men have about three minutes of attention for any single discussion† (Benjamin, 2007, pg. 126). The last area is in giving out to much detail. Again women can be guilty of this; we feel we need to tell our man everything, all our past exploitations, we want to be close to our guy, but too much information can  be as damaging as not enough. If we are to avoid the destructive methods of communicating, we must increase our strategic flexi bility, according to Hybels and Weaver (2007) this means â€Å"expanding your communication repertoire† (pg. 6). The more communication skills we have, the more we can draw on them for any scenario or situation. We will be better prepared to handle whatever comes up, while still getting our message across, in the most effective manner. People who possess these skills have much more flourishing interactions with the people in their lives. When discussing communication between partners in an intimate relationship gender and language must be taken into consideration. The way the sexes communicate is very different. According to Hybels and Weaver (2007) â€Å"women use the language of rapport-talk, men use report-talk† (pg. 117). This means that women are trying to form bonds with communication, and increase intimacy levels, men are letting us know their knowledge and skills in a particular subject area. It is a completely different style of communicating, women are â€Å"building relationships† and men are trying to â€Å"fix the problem† (Hybels and Weaver, 2007, pg. 117). In the book, Why Mars and Venus Collide, author Vanessa Bush researches the differences in brain chemistry that is produced by women and men when under stress, â€Å"biochemistry can also explain why women multitask and men are more single-minded in their focus. Problems occur when men and women misinterpret the different ways t he opposite sex responds to and copes with stress† (pg. 104). Several tips that were offered by the author to increase our levels of communication, women should let our partners know when we need support, and men should listen fully to the problem without trying to fix it. I have researched communication in intimate relationships, looked at a lot of studies, and felt I should put my own relationships to the test. I wanted to see if my emotional intelligence matched that of my husband and my children. I wanted to see if the gaps I perceive in our communication as a family was due to the differences in each of our emotional intelligence quotients. What exactly is emotional intelligence; according to Hybels and Weaver (2007) emotional intelligence â€Å"is the ability to understand and get along with others† (pg. 156). In order for us to get along with others, and deal with their emotions, we must first be aware of our own emotions and feelings. We must learn how to appropriately express, and manage our feelings, and learn some self-control,  and we must learn to recognize and handle the feelings of others. I had each family member take the emotional intelligence test, which was retrieved from the Institute for Health and Human Potential. This ev aluates your emotional intelligence, and shows you your strengths and weaknesses. I took the survey, and I had my husband and my daughter take the survey. My daughter and my husband scored very similar on the quiz, my results were about ten points higher than there score. The results said I have a very high emotional intelligence. The results of the emotional intelligence test reflects my life, I am a high achiever, can be very task oriented, and want to ensure that my work with families shows great results. The quiz said I needed to remember why I do the work I do, not get bogged down in tasks, but remember the reason you chose this line of work. The results said I should take time each day to reflect on what brings me the greatest joy. That really reflects me, I enjoy the work tremendously, but sometimes the day to day tasks that have to get done can make me a bit cynical. I think it also translates into my personal life, I can read people well, and feel I am in tune with their emotions, but some days I just do not take the time to really sit down and listen to those closest to me. I can see this reflected in my relationship with my husband. I am so busy being busy; I do not really pay attention to him, and what his concerns are. The emotional intelligence test scores for my husband and daughter both said they have slightly above average emotional intelligence, with room to grow. It reflects what I see in both of them, they are very sensitive to the needs of those around them, but do not always take time for themselves. The quiz also says they may not always communicate their feelings or needs to others. This is very true, especially of my husband; he does not communicate his needs well, and then he can become angry and distant. The quiz gives areas for improvement for both my husband and my daughter. They are to look at what causes them stress and tension, and how they handle those situations, and try and rid themselves of the negative thoughts that play in their minds. I have seen the destructive results of this type of negative thinking, feeling you are unworthy and unlovable. We now know the results of the emotional intelligence quiz, now what. We must come together and as a family and decide how best to proceed. Having the results of this quiz has opened the doors to communication for my family. We saw in print, what each of us sees  reflected in the other. The communication between my husband and me was bordering on becoming destructive, we both were passive aggressive when dealing with issues. I did not want to argue, so I would let it go, but not really, it stayed with me, and I would do mean things to get back at my husband. I might not wake him up, even if I saw he forgot to set his alarm, and was going to be late for work. I might not put his work clothes in the dryer, even when I see he is running late. It would be little inconsequential things I would do, but over the years they have added up, and we were at the brink of separating. My husband was no different; he was just as guilty of allowing the barriers to effective communicating to come between us. I also have to admit that I saw some of the same communication barriers creeping into my teenage daughter’s style of communicating. I think being aware of a problem is half the battle, when we are honest, and do some self assessing, we can truly begin to make some changes. I decided that since my emotional intelligence results were so different from my husband’s that taking a personality test might be in order. I found a personality types questionnaire, and we both took the survey. The survey was published by Dawn Billings, (2004) CEO and Founder of The Heart Link Women’s Network. The Primary colors personality tool asks specific questions, and you rate yourself from highest to lowest in each category. Once finished, you add up the scores and the one with the largest number represents your major personality profile. I took the survey as did my husband and my daughter. The results were very interesting, the one area I found fascinating was that my husband and I both scored the highest in the same category. It said we were both gentle and understanding, which is true, that we are more interested in being loved than in being right, so we may stay with partners that do not treat us well. There have been times in this relationship where I felt I was being mistreated, and my husband has admitted that he has felt the same at times. It also says we may put the needs of others above our own needs, this is very true, and was also reflected in our emotional intelligence test. The tests also said this personality type over commits themselves, and not leave room for those closest to them. This has been a real issue in my marriage; I am so driven by work and school that I forget that I have a husband and a daughter who needs me. Since taking these surveys, the gaps in our communication has closed dramatically. My husband  was open to taking the test, which surprised me; I thought he would balk at doing this. He was as surprised as I was with some of the results; it opened the door for us to begin really talking about issues, as a family, and as a couple. There is more work to be done, taking a couple of quizzes cannot erase years of bad, and ineffective communicating. The pain is there from years of misunderstandings, and from the communication barriers we placed in our paths, but what has happened is the willingness for us to come together as a couple, see what needs to be worked on, and begin that process. Communication skills are vital for any relationship, both personal and professional. This journey has made me aware that I spend a great deal of time working on my professional relationships. I am very careful of how I phrase my comments to coworkers, I am cautious of hurting feelings, or of being misunderstood. I think about what I have to say to a coworker before I actually say it; I try and take into consideration their feelings. But I am not always as conscience at home of the impact my words will have. Communicating effectively is a skill, one that takes work and practice. It also requires that at times we must do some self assessing, see where our strengths are at, but also admit where our weaknesses are at, and begin the process of reducing those barriers. This is the only way we can be both effective at work, and at home, and have a happy, healthy relationship. References Jennifer Benjamin. (2007, October). 5 Talking Mistakes Most Couples Make. Cosmopolitan, 243(4), 126. Retrieved March 21, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID: 1394182521). Billings, D. (2004). Primary color personality tool. The Heart Link women’s network. Bush, V.. (2007, December). Why Mars and Venus Collide: Improving Relationships by Understanding How Men and Women Cope Differently with Stress [review of Why Mars and Venus Collide: Improving Relationships by Understanding How Men and Women Cope Differently with Strss]. The Booklist, 104(8), 4. Retrieved March 22, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID: 1402448851). David Code. (2009, February 13). How emotional distance ruins marriage. The Christian Science Monitor,p. 9. Retrieved March 21, 2010, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID: 1644399621). Laura Gilbert. (2008, September). Couples. Cosmopolitan, 245(3), 145. Retrieved March 21, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID: 1529579221). Hybels, S., and Weaver, R. (2007). Communicating effectively (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. Institute for Health and Human Potential. (March, 2010). Emotional intelligence. Retrieved March, 21st, 2010, from http://www.ihhp.com/quiz COMMITTMENTS Caught Up in a Cycle of Nagging, Ignoring :[Home Edition]. (1994, July 25). Los Angeles Times (pre-1997 Fulltext),p. 3. Retrieved March 22, 2010, from Los Angeles Times. (Document ID: 59646758).

Intentional Teaching Cycle

The Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework manual states â€Å"early childhood teaching is a continuous process of planning and observing. Teachers plan activities and experiences that help children learn. As the educators observe the students, the educators learn about the students and then are able to plan new activities and teaching strategies to challenge the students to progress further. This process is called intentional teaching†.The intentional teaching cycle contains four ongoing phases, which are planning and implementing, observing and assessing, repeating the cycle, and summarizing. Add reference The Intentional teaching process begins to take place when teachers are deliberate, thoughtful, informed, and purposeful in his or her decisions and actions. A vital part for Intentional teaching educators is to keep up to date with the most current research pertaining to the best practice principles and then apply them to your everyday practice.I think intentional tea ching educators who have limited knowledge about a particular student’s interest should research the topic on the internet, at the library, local community and various other ways to gain more knowledge. I think this will allow teachers to engage with every child, encourage worthwhile conversations, promote interactions, challenging experiences that will encourage a higher level of thinking for the teacher and the students. My experience thus far using the cycle of intentional teaching occurred when I was working with two students in the block area.The two students were string the blocks. One of the students complained the other student had more blocks than her. I asked them how can we find out if both of you have the same amount of blocks to string? One of the students said we can count them or use a ruler, the other said we could line them up, then the other student said we could use a scale to weight the blocks. I think in this scenario the children were able to think at a higher level mathematically by thinking of the different ways to determine who had the most blocks as well as how they could divide the blocks up evenly.

Amyloplast Definition and Function

Amyloplast Definition and Function An amyloplast is an organelle found in plant cells. Amyloplasts are plastids that produce and store starch within internal membrane compartments. They are commonly found in vegetative plant tissues, such as tubers (potatoes) and bulbs. Amyloplasts are also thought to be involved in gravity sensing (gravitropism) and helping plant roots grow in a downward direction. Key Takeaways: Amyloplast and Other Plastids Plastids are plant organelles that function in nutrient synthesis and storage. These double-membrane, cytoplasmic structures have their own DNA and replicate independently of the cell.Plastids develop from immature cells called proplastids that mature into chloroplasts, chromoplasts, gerontoplasts, and leucoplasts.Amyloplasts are leucoplasts that function mainly in starch storage. They are colorless and found in plant tissues that do not undergo photosynthesis (roots and seeds).Amyloplasts synthesize transitory starch which is stored temporarily in chloroplasts and used for energy. Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis and energy production in plants.Amyloplasts also help to orient root growth downward toward the direction of gravity. Amyloplasts are derived from a group of plastids known as leucoplasts. Leucoplasts have no pigmentation and appear colorless. Several other types of plastids are found within plant cells including chloroplasts (sites of photosynthesis), chromoplasts (produce plant pigments), and gerontoplasts (degraded chloroplasts). Types of Plastids This image of vertical section of a leaf was taken with a scanning electron microscope. Chloroplasts (green plastids responsible for photosynthesis) and other organelles are seen inside the cells. Clouds Hill Imaging Ltd./Corbis Documentary/Getty Images Plastids are organelles that function primarily in nutrient synthesis and storage of biological molecules. While there are different types of plastids specialized to fill specific roles, plastids share some common characteristics. They are located in the cell cytoplasm and are surrounded by a double lipid membrane. Plastids also have their own DNA and can replicate independently from the rest of the cell. Some plastids contain pigments and are colorful, while others lack pigments and are colorless. Plastids develop from immature, undifferentiated cells called proplastids. Proplastids mature into four types of specialized plastids: chloroplasts, chromoplasts, gerontoplasts, and leucoplasts. Chloroplasts: These green plastids are responsible for photosynthesis and energy production through glucose synthesis. They contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light energy. Chloroplasts are commonly found in specialized cells called guard cells located in plant leaves and stems. Guard cells open and close tiny pores called stomata to allow for gas exchange required for photosynthesis.Chromoplasts: These colorful plastids are responsible for cartenoid pigment production and storage. Carotenoids produce red, yellow, and orange pigments. Chromoplasts are primarily located in ripened fruit, flowers, roots, and leaves of angiosperms. They are responsible for tissue coloration in plants, which serves to attract pollinators. Some chloroplasts found in unripened fruit convert to chromoplasts as the fruit matures. This change of color from green to a carotenoid color indicates that the fruit is ripe. Leaf color change in fall is due to loss of the green pigment chlorophyll, whi ch reveals the underlying carotenoid coloration of the leaves. Amyloplasts can also be converted to chromoplasts by first transitioning to amylochromoplasts (plastids containing starch and carotenoids) and then to chromoplasts. Gerontoplasts: These plastids develop from the degradation of chloroplasts, which occurs when plant cells die. In the process, chlorophyll is broken down in chloroplasts leaving only cartotenoid pigments in the resulting gerontoplast cells.Leucoplasts: These plastids lack color and function to store nutrients. Leucoplast Plastids This false-color transmission electron micrograph shows an amyloplast (large central body), a starch- containing plastid, found in a cell from the root cap of an onion. Amyloplasts contain large quantities of starch (blue globules). Dr. Jeremy Burgess/Science Photo Library/Getty Images Leucoplasts are typically found in tissues that dont undergo photosynthesis, such as roots and seeds. Types of leucoplasts include: Amyloplasts: These leucoplasts convert glucose to starch for storage. The starch is stored as granules in amyloplasts of tubers, seeds, stems, and fruit. The dense starch grains cause amyloplasts to sediment in plant tissue in response to gravity. This induces growth in a downward direction. Amyloplasts also synthesize transitory starch. This type of starch is stored temporarily in chloroplasts to be broken down and used for energy at night when photosynthesis does not occur. Transitory starch is found primarily in tissues where photosynthesis occurs, such as leaves.Elaioplasts: These leucoplasts synthesize fatty acids and store oils in lipid-filled microcompartments called plastoglobuli. They are important to the proper development of pollen grains.Etioplasts: These light-deprived chloroplasts do not contain chlorophyll but have the precursor pigment for chlorophyll production. Once exposed to light, chlorophyll production occurs and etioplasts are converted to chloroplasts.Proteino plasts: Also called aleuroplasts, these leucoplasts store protein and are often found in seeds. Amyloplast Development This image shows starch grains (green) in the parenchyma of a Clematis sp. plant. Starch is synthesized from the carbohydrate sucrose, a sugar produced by the plant during photosynthesis, and used as a source of energy. It is stored as grains in structures called amyloplasts (yellow). Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library/Getty Images Amyloplasts are responsible for all starch synthesis in plants. They are found in plant parenchyma tissue which composes the outer and inner layers of stems and roots; the middle layer of leaves; and the soft tissue in fruits. Amyloplasts develop from proplastids and divide by the process of binary fission. Maturing amyloplasts develop internal membranes which create compartments for the storage of starch. Starch is a polymer of glucose that exists in two forms: amylopectin and amylose. Starch granules are composed of both amylopectin and amylose molecules arranged in a highly organized fashion. The size and number of starch grains contained within amyloplasts varies based on the plant species. Some contain a single spherical shaped grain, while others contain multiple small grains. The size of the amyloplast itself depends on the amount of starch being stored. Sources Horner, H. T., et al. Amyloplast to Chromoplast Conversion in Developing Ornamental Tobacco Floral Nectaries Provides Sugar for Nectar and Antioxidants for Protection. American Journal of Botany, vol. 94, no. 1, Jan. 2007, pp. 12–24., doi:10.3732/ajb.94.1.12. Weise, Sean E., et al. The Role of Transitory Starch in C3, CAM, and C4 Metabolism and Opportunities for Engineering Leaf Starch Accumulation. Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 62, no. 9, 2011, pp. 3109–3118., doi:10.1093/jxb/err035.

The Safeguarding Of Children Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Safeguarding Of Children Social Work Essay Essay Example The Safeguarding Of Children Social Work Essay Essay The Safeguarding Of Children Social Work Essay Essay working in partnership with other public administrations, the voluntary sector, kids and immature people, parents and carers, and the wider community. ( Beginning: Working Together to Safeguard Children, 2006 ) . The function of statutory services in relation to kids and households is to employ professionals who are committed to the cause of assisting kids to remain safe. The services need to use staff that understands their duties and responsibilities in these hard state of affairss, so any administration that trades with safeguarding kids needs to do certain that all members of staff are safe to work with kids and immature people by supplying a thorough individuality cheque. Besides the administration that provides this service needs to be equipped to cover with any allegations including 1s made against staff by holding clear processs in topographic point. All staff have to hold regular up to day of the month preparation and apprehension of the topic while working in this environment and they besides need to understand the correct procedures if working with spouse administrations. The voluntary sector is undertaken by administrations that are non for net income and non-governmental such as charities like Childline, the NSPCC and churches. This sector plays an of import portion in supplying information and resources to the general populace who may be unable or afraid to reach other sectors about the public assistance of some kids. They may besides specialize in a peculiar country of maltreatment and may hold greater and better apprehension of the topic as their members of staff have experienced more in-depth preparation. Like the populace sector their staff paid or voluntaries need to travel through the same procedure as the staff from the populace sector that is stated in paragraph 2.8 in Working together to Safeguard Children 2006. Like the voluntary sector, the independent sector besides has to stay by the ordinances that come with working towards safeguarding kids. The Independent sector is non financed through the revenue enhancement system by local or national authorities, and is alternatively funded by private beginnings. Such independent services are private schools, get oning schools, private counselors and private charities such as UNICEF. A non statutory service is one which may or may non be supplied, at the discretion of the authorization concerned. LOC2- Evaluate the statute law model and processs for kid protection at national and local degree. There are several legislative frameworks/laws and processs for kid protection at national and local degree which are continually being amended, updated and revoked. One of the important pieces of statute law is The Children Act 2004 which led to a considerable alteration in the manner services are straight concerned with functioning kids and households. As a consequence of audience with kids and households following Lord Laming s question into the awful and tragic decease of Victoria Climbi A ; eacute ; , the authorities announced its programs to reconstitute kids s services to assist accomplish five results for wellbeing. The authorities outlined these results in its Every Child Matters ( ECM ) docket, saying that to accomplish wellbeing in childhood and in ulterior life kids and immature people want to: be healthy ; be safe ; enjoy and achieve ; do a positive part ; and achieve economic wellbeing ( DfES, 2004b ) . These five results for wellbeing are now the ends for Every Child Matters and all services that are concerned in the instruction and public assistance of kids and immature people are bound to guarantee these results are achieved. The Every Child Matters Outcomes Framework ( DCSF, 2008b ) for enabling kids and households to be safe requires that Early Old ages scenes and primary schools must show that they are enabling kids to be safe from ill-treatment, disregard, force and sexual development, and from inadvertent hurt and decease, and that kids and immature people have security, stableness, are cared for and are safe from strong-arming and favoritism. This is a really complex country for those who work with kids, or intend to work with kids, in portion because of the sum of statute law that is attached to these issues. The Education Act 2002 places a responsibility on Early Year scenes and schools to safeguard and advance the public assistance of all kids, including guaranting they provide a safe environment themselves and take stairss, through their policies, pattern and preparation, to place child public assistance concerns and take action to turn to them, in partnership with other administrations where appropriate ( HM Government, 2006:13 ) . The Education Act 2002 besides places this responsibility on childminders and any administration that provides twenty-four hours attention for kids of whatever age. Locally the group of people responsible for co-ordinating what is done by administrations in Essex to safeguard and advance the public assistance of kids and to guarantee the effectivity of this activity is the Essex Safeguarding Children Board ( ESCB ) . But despite all the statute law and policies, the authorities ever seems to alter these policies when something awful happens such as Victoria Climbi A ; eacute ; and Baby P, why do ..Help! ! ! ca nt believe what to compose! ! LOC3- Debate theories of maltreatment such as medical, feminist, societal and psychological theoretical accounts. While all the statute law is in topographic point to protect against injury to kids and households and it is besides in topographic point to protect the professional working with them. The general populace s usual sentiment of an maltreater is that they are unnatural, ill or condemnable. The grounds for maltreatment may be deep and complex. The actions of an maltreater are decidedly incorrect but why did they take them? There are tonss of different theories as to why maltreaters abuse. Some of the more widely held theories are: The societal theoretical account definition is where a kid copies the behavior of them grownups that surround them. Albert Bandura ( 1977 ) related to the societal learning theories of other of import professional in kid development such as Vygotsky and Lave. This theory includes facets of behavioral and cognitive acquisition. He believed that behavioral larning assumes that people s environment cause people to act in certain ways. Besides he believed in cognitive acquisition which is when person experiences or acquires cognition, he presumed that psychological factors are of import for act uponing how people behave. Another theory is the medical theoretical account. John Bowlby ( 1969-80 ) , is recognized as one of the most outstanding theoreticians in researching societal effects on kid development, in peculiar he is celebrated for his attachment theory ( Flanagan, 1999 ) . When Bowlby foremost began discoursing this theory his work focused on the importance of the fond regard a kid has with its female parent. The present recognized theory is that kids can organize a figure of fond regards with grownups other than their biological female parent, what is of import is that kids need caring and fostering relationships in order to boom, and non merely the basic demands of nutrient and shelter ( Foley et al. , 2001 ; 211 ) . Bowlby believed that there was a critical period of adhering in the first twelvemonth of life. Much research has been done that suggests a strong correlativity between female parents who have non formed a strong fond regard to their kids and kid maltreatment and disregard. If non treated conditions such as postpartum depression ( or post-natal depression as it is more normally known ) could take to the female parent holding a negative fond regard with the kid. A farther influential theoretician in the country of kid development is Erikson ( 1902-1994 ) who in the sixtiess devised a theoretical account of human societal development that focuses more on the impact of background and environment on development, instead than familial clinchers. This is known as a psychosocial theoretical account ( Miller, 2003 ) . The importance of this theory is that it explores how the beliefs, attitudes and values we grow up to keep are shaped by our familial sensitivity towards incentive Acts of the Apostless and how the environment we grow up in impacts on those natural features. Therefore, Erikson maintains, we are clearly shaped by our formative experiences. If this is so, so the experiences a kid will hold while they are immature will impact on their life as an grownup, including on their attitudes, beliefs and values. A different sentiment to why maltreaters abuse is the psychological theoretical account. Psychological theories focus on the natural and psychological qualities of those who abuse. It is abnormalcies within the single maltreater that are responsible for maltreatment, for illustration, opprobrious parents may themselves hold been abused in childhood ( Corby, 2000 ) . Although the defect is that psychologists have failed to set up a consistent personality profile for a kid maltreater when compared to another signifier of maltreater. Feminists believe that the Feminist theoretical account may be the reply to the actions of an maltreater. The feminist theoretical account suggests that kid abuse like domestic force is a consequence of unequal power in the household. Cossins ( 2000 ) believes that maltreatment is done by adult male to adult females and is about male maleness and power. But this does non take into history female maltreaters. Professor Lynne Segal suggests that the thoughts of maleness accents control and power. This assumes that all work forces have power and adult females and kids do non hold power ( Bell, 1993 ) . This theory besides needs to include non merely gender and power issues but to see race, category and civilization every bit good ( Reavey and Warner, 2003 ) . The Cycle of force is another theoretical account, it is based on the position that kids who live with domestic force will larn that maltreatment is acceptable and will go either an maltreater or a victim. While sing or witnessing domestic force can hold a serious impact on kids and immature people, they will react in assorted ways depending on their age, race, sex, civilization, phase of development, and single personality. By no agencies do all kids who have lived with domestic force grow up to go either victims or maltreaters. Many kids exposed to domestic force realise that it is incorrect, and actively reject force of all sorts. There is non much grounds to back up this theoretical account. Although all these theoretical accounts give some penetration into why an maltreater would mistreat there is no 1 type of maltreater, so there can be no one theoretical account. What we would see a kid maltreater in this state is non the same criterions as other states. Not one of these theoretical accounts can entirely explicate the actions of a kid maltreater. Finkelhor ( 1986 ) understood that and was a critic of individual factor theoretical accounts. He believed that adult females were merely every bit capable to mistreat as work forces are. LOC4- Describe the classs of maltreatment and the possible effects on the kid, household and workers. What composes maltreatment has been unfastened to broad argument, because some research workers will province that what one group in society deems to be abuse, another will claim is a normal portion of kid rise uping pattern. For illustration, the thwacking argument. Is it acceptable to thwack a kid? There is a legal credence that where a slap does nt go forth a permanent grade it is non abuse, but if it is continuously done and escalates so this would be classed as maltreatment. The point at which any pattern becomes abusive is the point at which it becomes ill-treatment, likely to impair wellness or physical, emotional, societal or behavioral development ( DfES, 2006 ) . The classs of kid maltreatment are physical, emotional, sexual maltreatment and disregard. Most frequently if a kid is enduring from one of the classs like physical or sexual abuse they are likely to be enduring from emotional maltreatment as good, as the classs link into one another. As Early Old ages practitioners we need to maintain an oculus out for any marks of physical maltreatment, which are normally seeable to the oculus, on the organic structure of the victim such as unexplained hurts, contusions or Burnss. Other marks of physical maltreatment are if the victim refuses to discourse hurts, gives unlikely accounts for hurts, has untreated hurts or lingering hurts which are non treated. If the parents administrating of penalty appears inordinate, if the kid psychiatrists from physical contact, or they have a fright of returning place or of the parents being contacted, or a fright of undressing, or a fright of medical aid these could besides be a mark of physical maltreatment. Physical maltreatment can take to the kid going aggressive towards other kids and intimidation. An abused kid may expose over compliant behavior or a watchful attitude , have important alterations in behavior without account, their work may deteriorate and they may hold unexplained for ms of absences which might function to conceal contusions or other physical hurts. In some instances the kid may even seek to run off. Another signifier of maltreatment is emotional maltreatment ; this is one of the harder abuses to recognize as there are frequently no seeable marks. Emotional maltreatment is about messages, verbal or non-verbal, given by a attention giver to a kid. Almost all kids are subjected to emotional maltreatment to some grade. Even the most lovingness of parents will at some clip give kids rather negative messages, this is why it is difficult to observe emotional maltreatment. Examples of emotional maltreatment are intentionally mortifying a kid, doing a kid feel ashamed for non being able to make or understand something which she is, in fact, developmentally incapable of. Other marks of maltreatment are anticipating a kid to set the demands of other household members before their ain. Persistently verbally mistreating a kid or invariably endangering to go forth a kid on their ain as a penalty is opprobrious whether or non the menace is carried out. Making menaces of other cruel and inordinate penalties and/or transporting them out, stating a kid that he was non wanted, was a error, or was the incorrect gender, insulating a kid, forestalling them from socializing with their equals and continually seting a kid under unjust moral/emotional force per unit area is abuse. Some grownups may besides non gain that exposing a kid to age-inappropriate activities such as telecasting, movies and computing machine games is besides classed as emotional maltreatment. The DfES ( 2006 ) What to Make if You Are Worried a Child Is Being Abused papers defines sexual maltreatment as: Sexual maltreatment involves coercing or luring a kid or immature individual to take portion in sexual activities, including harlotry, whether or non the kid is cognizant of what is go oning. The activities may affect physical contact, including acute or non-penetrative Acts of the Apostless. They may include non-contact activities, such as affecting kids in looking at, or in the production of, sexual online images, watching sexual activities, or promoting kids to act in sexually inappropriate ways. ( DfES, 2006: 9 ) . The definition of disregard is the relentless failure to run into a kid s physical and/ psychological demands, probably to ensue in the serious damage of the kid s wellness or development ( DfES, 2006: 9 ) . Some illustrations of disregard are failure to feed a kid adequately, or non supplying appropriate apparels or bedclothes, or giving unequal basic physical attention, the kid holding no boundaries or consistence, the kid non being safe, or non go toing to medical demands and failure to run into or acknowledge a kid s emotional demands. The definition of disregard sunglassess into the definition of emotional maltreatment. While both these definitions make sense, they are slightly blurred around the borders. When we talk about severe actions it can be hard to make up ones mind whether, and at what degree, to step in. There have been surveies that show grounds that disregard, physical maltreatment and sexual maltreatment are all associated with decreased intelligence in kids ( Carrey, 1996 ) . While this survey shows an illustration of the consequence maltreatment can hold sometimes a kid can turn up with a positive attitude and have a successful life. But this is non to state that all subsisters are successful in life and evidently some people suffer awful ongoing issues related to their experience of maltreatment. Such as being able to swear anyone or in the instance of sexual maltreatment neer being able to allow anyone touch them and the harm is lasting. Maltreatment can besides impact the household by interrupting it apart and dividing the maltreater from the abused. LOC5- Evaluate ways of enabling kids to protect themselves, and ways of back uping kids who have been abused. We ca nt anticipate kids and immature babes to protect themselves. So the authorities and schools try to pass on a cosmopolitan message to kids to seek to protect them. Such as intimidation is incorrect, to be nice to one another, to eat good and look after each other and to advance a positive environment. There are four methods that are used with kids in demand and their households, each of which needs to be carried out efficaciously in order to accomplish betterments in the lives of kids in demand. They are assessment, planning, intercession and reviewing ( DfES, 2006 ) . As an Early Old ages professional you should be cognizant of the local processs to be followed for describing concerns about a peculiar kid, if you have any concerns about a kid, they must be reported to the school s designated senior member of staff or a senior member that is appointed child protection supervisor. This may be where your engagement may stop or you may necessitate to be involved farther. The practician will discourse with a director and/or other senior co-workers what they think the appropriate action should be, so if there are still concerns a referral to the Local Authority kids s societal attention squad will be made, followed up in composing within 48 hours. The societal worker and director so acknowledge reception of referral and make up ones mind on the following class of action within one working twenty-four hours. An initial appraisal is required to make up ones mind if there is any concern for the kid s immediate safety. The initial appraisal should go on in conformity with the appraisal model which is a chart that states what the demands of a kid are. If there is sensible cause to surmise the kid is enduring, or is likely to endure important injury, kids s societal attention should set up a scheme treatment. The intent of the scheme treatment is to hold whether to originate subdivision 47 of the Children Act 1989. It is besides to place the appropriate undertakings and timescales for each involved professional and bureau, and hold what farther aid or support may be necessary. If the kid is likely to be harmed so the constabulary and other relevant bureaus are called. Next there would be a kid protection conference and the consequences from that would find whether a nucleus appraisal is made which is where the household and other professionals agree a program for guaranting the kid s future safety and public assistance. If the consequences are that the kid is in sufficient injury so the kid becomes the topic of a kid protection program, which is where the troubles of the kid will be made known to spouse bureaus. This will be followed by giving the kid a cardinal worker and a kid protection reappraisal conference, the intents of the kid protection reappraisal is to reexamine the safety of the kid. Normally, the determination to maintain a kid s name on the protection registry is reviewed every six months, depending on the fortunes. A kid protection reappraisal conference can make up ones mind that a kid s name should be removed from the registry. This determination will merely be made when the kid protection reappraisal conference is satisfied that the kid is no longer at hazard of important injury. A immature individual will besides be removed from the registry one time he or she turns 18. Obviously the worst instance scenario is when a kid dies due to mistreat and nil was done to assist them. As Early Year professionals it is highly of import that state of affairss like this neer go on and that is why these processs are put into topographic point. Professionals can step in by working with kids and households to assist protect them. There are support systems in topographic point for kids and their households provided by local authorities and sometime connected to the school. Certain start is one such system. Certain start is a authorities programme which provides services for kids and their households. It works to convey together early instruction, child care, wellness and household support. Servicess provided include advice on wellness attention and kid development, drama strategies, rearing categories, household outreach support and grownup instruction and advice. If there is a instance of suspected maltreatment but there is no demand to take the kid or the parent because there is no farther hazard to the identified following the households assessment Certain start can be recommended to the household as a topographic point for household development. In this state there are 11 million kids, 4 million have been identified as vulnerable ( handicapped ) , 400,000 have been identified as children in demand , 32,000 are on the kid protection registry and 63,000 are looked after ( in foster attention ) . These statistics have gone up since the awful tragic decease of Peter Connelly ( Baby P ) in 2007. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp? id=348 ) . We live in a extremely complex and diverse society and as professionals it is portion of our duty to guarantee we are non confounding what we think is the instance, or what we would wish, with what is truly the instance. As Early Old ages practitioners we need to near single kids and households with an unfastened head. While we believe we know what, a perfect universe is, we besides know that households come in all forms and sizes, and that all households are likely to necessitate support to assist them. To do certain that all kids get the correct and full treatment/service needed to do certain that they are safeguarded against abuse all practitioners/professionals should work together and pass on to accomplish this end.

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Business - Essay Example It becomes necessary to be stated in this regard that the rapid pace of globalization with regard to the worldwide economies observed in the current years has been assessed to be greatly dependent on the facet of fast progress in the field of technologies as well as science. The reason behind this rapid progress has been ascertained to be an outcome of the related environment where the market economic structure was observed to have been expanding across the world. The stated factor of progress or development has been observed to be triggered owing to the soaring splitting up of labor across the borders which has further been infiltrating into the production chains with respect to the ventures in relation to various countries (Tisdell & Sen, 2004). The processes related to the escalating degree of globalization, otherwise as well as economic are known to give rise to the facet of fresh economic modifications along with few political challenges with respect to every individual. The com petency possessed by the national governments in terms of acting autonomously with regard to the relevant economic as well as social policies tends to trim down as a result of the escalating international economic inter-reliance. The lesser degree of proficiency of the nationalized governments with regard to controlling the social, cultural, economic and environmental alteration implies the likelihood of a rising requirement for globally synchronized political activities (Tisdell & Sen, 2004). These particular activities are considered to be imperative in order to cope up with any kind of unwanted alterations in the mentioned variables for the reason of soaring extent of globalization followed by global interdependence. Therefore, the aspect of economic globalization can be stated to be the procedure related to international industrial re-modification and restructuring (Shangquan, 2000). The Legal and Political Environment Western Australia is believed to present such a business atm osphere or setting which is considered to support development and opulence. The degree related to sovereign-risk and government policies related to pro-growth has been measured to be quite less along with an increasingly proficient as well as innovative personnel or labor force makes the aspect of conducting business in the country to be quite worthwhile and uncomplicated. The structure of the government in Australia is found to be reliant and pursuant of a tradition that is known to be liberal democratic entailing freedom in relation to speech as well as association along with religious tolerance. The structure of government in the country follows a system of three-tier that is Federal or Commonwealth, Local and State. The Parliament of Australia along with the Government holds accountability regarding the matters relevant to National Interest for instance immigration, post as well as telecommunications, social security, banks, foreign affairs, defense, pensions, census along with statistics and coinage (Government of Western Australia, 2009). The legal structure in Australia has been found to have been developed in context with the British law. Major portion in relation to the law has been